ABSTRACT
Since December 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus, COVID-19, infection has been taking place. At present, COVID-19 has spread to most countries worldwide. The latest evidence suggests that cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is an important cause of the transition from mild to critical pneumonia and critically ill patients' death. The sudden exacerbation of COVID-19 may be related to a cytokine storm. Therefore, early identification and active treatment of CSS may play very important roles in improving the patients' prognosis, and these tasks are given attention in the current treatment of new Coronavirus pneumonia. However, there is still no specific medicine for this purpose. This article reviews cytokine storms and conducts an exploratory review of pharmacotherapy for cytokine storms to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/immunology , Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology , Myocarditis/immunology , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Apoptosis , Atrial Natriuretic Factor/therapeutic use , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Benzyl Compounds/therapeutic use , Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy , Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Glycoproteins/therapeutic use , Humans , Hypoxia/metabolism , Hypoxia/therapy , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use , Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism , Myocarditis/metabolism , Myocarditis/therapy , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , SARS-CoV-2 , Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use , Trypsin Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors/therapeutic use , alpha-Methyltyrosine/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentABSTRACT
We encourage studies on the effectiveness of multiple sclerosis drugs for the treatment of ARDS in COVID-19 infection. These drugs, through the inhibition of the RhoA/actin-dependent expression of virus receptors in the macrophages and macrophage recruitment to the lungs, have the potential to inhibit cytokine storm of lung macrophages, reduce or eliminate ARDS and improve the outcome of COVID-19 infection.